Discover the Top YouTube Channels to Learn Portuguese

Learning Portuguese can be fun and exciting, especially with the wealth of resources available on YouTube. This article highlights the top YouTube channels that cater to various learning styles and levels, making it easier for you to immerse yourself in the language. Whether you’re a beginner or looking to refine your skills, these channels offer engaging content that can enhance your understanding of Portuguese culture and language.

Key Takeaways

  • YouTube offers a variety of channels to learn Portuguese, from beginner to advanced levels.
  • Many channels provide cultural insights, making language learning more enjoyable.
  • Visual aids in videos help improve understanding and retention of the language.
  • Subtitles and clear explanations are often included to assist learners.
  • Regularly watching these channels can enhance listening and speaking skills.

1. Canal KondZilla

Canal KondZilla is the most popular Portuguese-language YouTube channel, boasting over 67 million subscribers. This channel is run by Konrad Dantas, a well-known Brazilian music video producer. Here, you can find a variety of music videos that showcase the vibrant culture of Brazil.

Why Watch Canal KondZilla?

  • Diverse Content: The channel features a mix of music genres, appealing to a wide audience.
  • Cultural Insight: Watching these videos helps you understand Brazilian culture and music.
  • Language Practice: The lyrics and dialogues in the videos can enhance your Portuguese listening skills.

Canal KondZilla is not just about music; it’s a gateway to understanding Brazilian life and language.

Quick Facts

FeatureDetails
Subscribers67 million
Content TypeMusic videos, vlogs
LanguagePortuguese

2. Whindersson Nunes

Whindersson Nunes is one of the most famous YouTubers in Brazil. He is not just a YouTuber; he is also an actor and comedian. His videos are entertaining and diverse, covering everything from vlogs to reviews and parodies.

Why Watch Whindersson Nunes?

  • Variety of Content: You can find different types of videos, which makes learning Portuguese fun.
  • Relatable Humor: His comedic style helps you connect with the language in a light-hearted way.
  • Cultural Insights: His content often reflects Brazilian culture, giving you a deeper understanding of the language.

Watching Whindersson Nunes can be a great way to immerse yourself in Brazilian culture while learning the language. His humor and relatable content make it easier to grasp Portuguese nuances.

Key Highlights

FeatureDescription
SubscribersOver 41 million
Video TypesVlogs, Reviews, Parodies
Language LevelSuitable for all levels

3. 5inco Minutos

5inco Minutos is a popular YouTube channel led by Kéfera Buchmann, who is known for her engaging and relatable content. This channel is significant as it was the first female-led channel in Brazil to reach one million subscribers. Kéfera shares her thoughts on various topics, including life experiences and societal issues, making her videos both entertaining and educational.

Key Features:

  • Short Videos: Most videos last between 10 to 15 minutes, perfect for a quick dose of Portuguese.
  • Advanced Listening Practice: Kéfera speaks quickly, making it ideal for those with a solid grasp of the language.
  • Real-Life Context: Viewers can see how Portuguese is used in everyday situations, enhancing their understanding.

Why Watch 5inco Minutos?

  1. Relatable Content: Kéfera’s personal stories resonate with many viewers.
  2. Language Exposure: The channel provides excellent listening practice for advanced learners.
  3. Cultural Insights: Gain a better understanding of Brazilian culture through her discussions.

Watching 5inco Minutos can boost your confidence in understanding spoken Portuguese, as Kéfera’s natural speech reflects real-life conversations.

Overall, 5inco Minutos is a fantastic resource for those looking to improve their Portuguese while enjoying entertaining content.

4. Rezende Evil

Rezende Evil is a popular YouTube channel known for its funny vlogs and parodies. This channel is perfect for those who enjoy humor while learning Portuguese. With several new videos released daily, you’ll always find fresh content to help you practice your language skills.

Key Features:

  • Daily Uploads: New videos every day keep the content exciting.
  • Humorous Content: Enjoyable parodies that make learning fun.
  • Engaging Style: The host connects well with the audience, making it easy to follow along.

Rezende Evil is not just about entertainment; it’s a great way to immerse yourself in the Portuguese language while having a good time.

Why Watch Rezende Evil?

  1. Entertainment: The channel offers a mix of laughter and learning.
  2. Language Practice: Helps improve listening skills in a fun context.
  3. Cultural Insights: Gain a glimpse into Brazilian culture through humor.

Overall, Rezende Evil is a fantastic choice for anyone looking to learn Portuguese in an enjoyable way!

5. Canal Canalha

Canal Canalha is a fun and engaging channel run by Júlio Cocielo. This channel features a mix of parodies, vlogs, and entertaining content that gives viewers a glimpse into Brazilian culture and the Portuguese language. Here are some highlights of what you can expect:

  • Parodies: Hilarious takes on popular trends and events.
  • Vlogs: Personal stories and experiences that connect with the audience.
  • Cultural Insights: Videos that explore life in Brazil, making it easier to learn the language in context.
Content TypeDescription
ParodiesFunny reinterpretations of popular media
VlogsPersonal stories and daily life insights
CulturalExploration of Brazilian customs and traditions

Canal Canalha is not just about laughs; it’s also a great way to practice your Portuguese skills while enjoying relatable content. Whether you’re a beginner or more advanced, there’s something here for everyone!

6. Hello Rusty

Hello Rusty is a fantastic YouTube channel for those just starting to learn Portuguese. Rusty, the host, creates a warm and inviting atmosphere that makes learning enjoyable. Her videos are primarily aimed at beginners, but they also offer valuable insights for intermediate learners.

What You Can Expect:

  • Basic Vocabulary: Rusty covers essential words and phrases.
  • Grammar Lessons: She explains grammatical rules in a simple way.
  • Cultural Insights: Learn about Brazilian culture through fun facts and music.

Rusty often speaks in English, which helps beginners follow along without getting lost. Her videos are not only educational but also engaging, making it easier to stay focused.

Learning with a friendly host like Rusty can make a big difference in your language journey.

Video Highlights:

Video TypeDescription
Vocabulary LessonsCovers essential words for daily use.
Grammar TipsSimple explanations of complex rules.
Song Lyrics AnalysisLearn vocabulary through popular Brazilian songs.

In summary, if you’re looking for a channel that combines language learning with cultural elements, Hello Rusty is a great choice. It’s perfect for anyone wanting to start their journey in Portuguese!

7. Professor Jason

Professor Jason is a fantastic resource for anyone wanting to learn Portuguese. His lessons are clear and engaging, making it easy for students of all levels to follow along. He covers everything from basic grammar to cultural insights, ensuring a well-rounded learning experience.

Key Features:

  • Structured Playlists: Videos are organized by themes, making it simple to find what you need.
  • Cultural Insights: Learn not just the language but also the culture behind it.
  • Beginner-Friendly: His Jump Start Brazilian Portuguese series is perfect for newcomers.

Professor Jason’s teaching style is friendly and approachable, which helps students feel comfortable while learning.

Why Choose Professor Jason?

  1. Comprehensive Lessons: Each video includes an overview, so you know what to expect.
  2. Clear Explanations: He speaks slowly and clearly, especially in beginner videos.
  3. Bilingual Content: Many lessons are in English, making it easier to grasp complex concepts.

With his engaging approach, Professor Jason is a top choice for anyone serious about mastering Portuguese!

8. Aulalivre.net

Aulalivre.net is a fantastic resource for those who want to dive deeper into the Portuguese language. This channel is perfect for advanced learners seeking specialized content. It covers a wide range of topics, making it a great choice for anyone looking to enhance their skills.

Key Features:

  • Advanced Lessons: Focuses on complex grammar and writing techniques.
  • Diverse Topics: Includes subjects like math, science, and culture.
  • Engaging Content: Videos are designed to keep learners interested and motivated.

Aulalivre.net is not just about language; it’s about understanding the culture and context behind it.

Why Choose Aulalivre.net?

  1. Specialized Knowledge: Perfect for those who want to master the nuances of the language.
  2. Cultural Insights: Learn about Brazilian culture while improving your language skills.
  3. Interactive Learning: Engaging videos that encourage active participation.

9. PortuguesePod101

PortuguesePod101 is a fantastic resource for anyone wanting to learn Portuguese. This channel offers hundreds of free videos that cater to all levels, from beginners to advanced learners. The videos are engaging and often feature a fun tone, making learning enjoyable.

Key Features:

  • Variety of Content: Lessons cover vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation.
  • Real-Life Situations: Videos often include practical scenarios, like shopping or visiting the doctor.
  • Subtitles Available: Many videos come with English translations, helping learners understand better.

Learning Levels:

LevelDescription
BeginnerGreat for those just starting out.
IntermediatePerfect for learners looking to improve.
AdvancedContent that challenges experienced learners.

PortuguesePod101 is a great way to immerse yourself in the language while having fun!

10. Street Smart Brazil

Street Smart Brazil is an excellent channel for those looking to learn Portuguese. It offers a variety of video content that caters to beginners and intermediate learners. The lessons cover essential topics like vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation.

Key Features:

  • Diverse Content: Videos include explanations of slang and colloquial phrases.
  • Structured Learning: Lessons are designed to help you grasp the language effectively.
  • Engaging Format: The channel uses a mix of teaching styles to keep learners interested.

Learning Levels:

LevelDescription
BeginnerIdeal for those just starting out.
IntermediateFor learners looking to advance.

Street Smart Brazil provides a solid foundation for anyone eager to learn Portuguese, making it a valuable resource for language enthusiasts.

With its focus on practical language skills, this channel is a great choice for anyone wanting to learn Portuguese in a fun and engaging way. Don’t miss out on the chance to learn with well-trained, professional teachers who are native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese!

11. Aprender Portugués con Philipe Brazuca

Aprender Portugués con Philipe Brazuca is a fantastic YouTube channel for anyone wanting to learn Portuguese effectively. Philipe teaches you Portuguese words and expressions that you would only learn by living in Brazil for a long time. The lessons are mostly in Portuguese, which helps you immerse yourself in the language right away.

Here are some key features of the channel:

  • Free mini courses available for beginners.
  • Lessons are suitable for both beginner and intermediate learners.
  • The content is engaging and focuses on real-life usage of the language.
LevelContent TypeLanguage Focus
BeginnerVocabulary & PhrasesBrazilian Portuguese
IntermediateExpressions & SlangBrazilian Portuguese

This channel is perfect for those who want to dive deep into Brazilian culture while learning the language.

With a variety of lessons, you can easily find something that fits your learning style. Whether you’re just starting or looking to improve your skills, Aprender Portugués con Philipe Brazuca has something for everyone!

12. Speaking Brazilian Language School

Speaking Brazilian Language School is a fantastic resource for anyone wanting to learn Portuguese. This channel offers a variety of lessons that cover essential topics like vocabulary, grammar, and learning tips.

Key Features:

  • Courses Designed by Experts: The lessons are created by Brazilian teacher Virginia Langhammer, ensuring quality content.
  • Subtitles Available: Many videos include subtitles in both English and Portuguese, making it easier for learners to follow along.
  • Diverse Learning Materials: From beginner to intermediate levels, there’s something for everyone.

Course Offerings:

Course TypeLevelDuration
Vocabulary BuildingBeginner10-15 min
Grammar EssentialsIntermediate15-20 min
Learning TipsAll Levels5-10 min

The channel is a great way to immerse yourself in the language while learning at your own pace.

With its engaging content and structured lessons, Speaking Brazilian Language School is a top choice for those eager to improve their Portuguese skills. Learning has never been more accessible!

13. Fernando — Fun with Brazilian Portuguese

Fernando’s channel is a fantastic resource for anyone wanting to learn Brazilian Portuguese in a fun way. Most videos are just three to four minutes long, making them easy to fit into your day. The content is perfect for beginner to intermediate learners, covering common vocabulary and even some playful phrases like flirting terms and slang.

Here are some key features of Fernando’s channel:

  • Short videos: Quick lessons that are easy to digest.
  • Engaging content: Focuses on fun aspects of the language.
  • Variety of topics: From everyday vocabulary to unique Brazilian expressions.

Learning a new language can be challenging, but with channels like Fernando’s, it becomes an enjoyable journey.

Fernando’s approach makes it easier to grasp the nuances of Brazilian Portuguese while keeping the learning process light and entertaining. Whether you’re looking to improve your vocabulary or just want to have some fun with the language, this channel is a great choice!

14. Semantica Portuguese

Semantica Portuguese is a fantastic YouTube channel for anyone looking to learn Portuguese online. With hundreds of dialogs, grammar breakdowns, interactive quizzes, and pronunciation training, this channel is perfect for all levels.

Key Features:

  • Engaging Content: The videos are designed to keep you interested and motivated.
  • Interactive Quizzes: Test your knowledge as you learn.
  • Grammar Breakdowns: Understand the rules that govern the language.

Learning Structure:

  1. Start with Basics: Begin with simple phrases and vocabulary.
  2. Practice Regularly: Consistency is key to mastering the language.
  3. Engage with the Community: Join discussions and practice with others.

Semantica Portuguese offers a unique approach to language learning that combines fun and education. Whether you’re just starting or looking to improve, this channel has something for everyone!

15. Porta dos Fundos

Porta dos Fundos is a fantastic YouTube channel filled with short, hilarious sketches that are perfect for comedy lovers! This channel is not just entertaining; it also helps you learn Portuguese in a fun way. The comedy group behind it has gained immense popularity, even winning an International Emmy in 2019. They were the first Brazilian YouTube channel to reach 10 million subscribers, showcasing their widespread appeal.

Their videos tackle everyday situations with a humorous twist, giving viewers a glimpse into Brazilian culture. Most of their content comes with English subtitles, making it easier for learners to follow along. If you ever find the jokes a bit tricky, just turn on the closed captions!

Why Learn Portuguese with YouTube?

  1. Free Access: YouTube is a free platform, allowing you to enjoy a variety of content without any cost.
  2. Helpful Tools: Features like closed captions and adjustable playback speed are invaluable for language learners.
  3. Authentic Content: You get to hear real conversations and learn idiomatic expressions, helping you sound more like a local.
  4. Flexible Learning: You can choose what to watch based on your interests, making learning more enjoyable.

YouTube offers a wealth of resources for Portuguese learners at any level, making it a great tool for language acquisition.

16. Rio & Learn Portuguese Schools

Rio & Learn Portuguese Schools is a fantastic resource for anyone eager to learn Portuguese. They offer free lessons that are perfect for beginners and those looking to improve their skills. You can subscribe to their “dica do dia” for short, daily lessons in Portuguese completely free.

Key Features:

  • Interactive Lessons: Engaging content that keeps learners motivated.
  • Cultural Insights: Learn not just the language but also about Brazilian culture.
  • Flexible Learning: Options for both online and in-person classes.

Why Choose Rio & Learn?

  1. Experienced Instructors: All teachers are native speakers with teaching experience.
  2. Community Support: Join a community of learners for practice and support.
  3. Variety of Resources: Access to videos, quizzes, and reading materials.

Learning Portuguese opens doors to understanding a rich culture and connecting with people.

With Rio & Learn, you can immerse yourself in the language and culture, making your learning experience both effective and enjoyable!

17. BookBox

BookBox is a fantastic resource for anyone looking to learn Portuguese through engaging stories. They offer animated tales in clear Brazilian Portuguese, making it easier for learners to follow along. Here are some key features of BookBox:

  • Variety of Languages: BookBox provides stories in multiple languages, including Portuguese.
  • Short Videos: Most videos are around a minute long, perfect for quick learning sessions.
  • Clear Narration: The narration is slow and clear, which is great for beginners.

Why Choose BookBox?

  • Engaging Content: The animated stories keep learners interested.
  • Cultural Insights: Many stories reflect Brazilian culture, enhancing your learning experience.
  • Accessibility: Videos are available for free, making it easy to start learning right away.

Learning a new language opens up a world of opportunities.

For those interested in a structured approach, BookBox is a great way to practice listening and comprehension skills while enjoying fun stories.

Contact Information

For more details, you can reach out to BookBox India Pvt. Ltd. at:

  • Address: 24, St. Francois D’Assise Street, Kuruchikuppam, Puducherry – 605 001, India
  • Phone: +91-413-4210421

BookBox is a wonderful tool for anyone eager to learn Portuguese in a fun and interactive way!

18. DinoLingo

DinoLingo is a fantastic resource for anyone looking to learn Portuguese, especially for younger audiences. This channel is perfect for kids and beginners alike! It features a variety of fun and engaging content that makes learning enjoyable.

What You Can Expect:

  • Animated Stories: These stories are not only entertaining but also educational, helping learners grasp the language in context.
  • Songs: Catchy tunes that make vocabulary stick in your mind.
  • Short Videos: Most videos are around a minute long, making it easy to fit learning into your day.

Learning Options:

DinoLingo offers playlists for both Brazilian and European Portuguese, catering to different preferences. Here’s a quick overview:

Type of ContentDurationLanguage Focus
Animated Stories1 minuteBrazilian Portuguese
Fun Songs30 secondsEuropean Portuguese
Quick Learning Tips10 secondsBoth

DinoLingo is not just for kids; it’s a great way for anyone to start learning Portuguese in a fun way!

19. Peppa Pig

Peppa Pig is not just a fun cartoon for kids; it’s also a fantastic resource for anyone looking to learn Brazilian Portuguese. The show uses simple vocabulary and clear animations, making it easier to follow along. Here are some reasons why Peppa Pig is great for language learners:

  • Short Episodes: Most videos are around a minute long, with some even shorter, allowing for quick learning sessions.
  • Visual Context: The colorful animations help viewers understand the story, even if they miss a few words.
  • Variety of Topics: The show covers a range of subjects like sports, food, and holidays, which can significantly boost your vocabulary.
TopicDescription
SportsLearn vocabulary related to games.
FoodDiscover names of different foods.
HolidaysUnderstand cultural celebrations.

Peppa Pig is a delightful way to immerse yourself in the language while enjoying entertaining stories. It’s perfect for both kids and adults who want to learn Portuguese in a fun way!

20. Psy Logic Drawing

Psy Logic Drawing is a unique YouTube channel that combines psychology with learning Portuguese. This channel is perfect for those who want to improve their language skills while diving into interesting psychological topics. The videos are designed for intermediate learners, but subtitles are available to assist everyone.

Key Features:

  • Short Videos: Most videos are around a minute long, making it easy to fit learning into your day.
  • Engaging Content: The channel covers various psychology-related subjects, keeping viewers interested.
  • Subtitles Available: Subtitles help learners understand the content better, especially for those still mastering the language.

Why You Should Watch:

  1. Learn Psychology: Gain insights into psychological concepts while practicing your Portuguese.
  2. Cultural Context: Understand how psychology is discussed in Brazilian culture.
  3. Fun Learning: The engaging format makes learning enjoyable and less daunting.

Watching Psy Logic Drawing can be a fun way to immerse yourself in both language and psychology, making it a valuable resource for learners.

21. Como Se Faz

The phrase como se faz translates to “how it’s made”, and this channel dives into that concept. It showcases how various products are created, from the initial stages in factories to the final items we see on store shelves.

Key Features:

  • Clear European Portuguese: The channel uses clean pronunciation, making it easier for learners to follow along.
  • No Subtitles: While there are no subtitles, the straightforward rhythm of the speech aids comprehension.
  • Variety of Topics: Each video covers different items, providing a broad understanding of manufacturing processes.

Why Watch Como Se Faz?

  1. Learn Vocabulary: Gain new words related to production and manufacturing.
  2. Improve Listening Skills: The clear enunciation helps in developing listening comprehension.
  3. Cultural Insights: Discover how everyday items are made in Portuguese-speaking countries.

Watching Como Se Faz can be a fun way to enhance your Portuguese skills while learning about the world around you.

Summary Table

FeatureDescription
LanguageEuropean Portuguese
SubtitlesNot available
FocusManufacturing processes

22. Portuguese with Maria

If you’re eager to learn Portuguese, this channel is a fantastic choice. Maria offers engaging lessons that cater to various levels, making it suitable for both beginners and those looking to improve their skills. Her teaching style is clear and approachable, ensuring that learners can follow along easily.

Key Features:

  • Diverse Content: Maria covers a wide range of topics, from basic vocabulary to more complex grammar rules.
  • Interactive Lessons: Many videos include quizzes and exercises to reinforce learning.
  • Cultural Insights: Learn about Portuguese culture while mastering the language.

Why Choose This Channel?

  1. Structured Learning: The lessons are organized in a way that builds on previous knowledge.
  2. Bilingual Approach: Maria often explains concepts in both Portuguese and English, making it easier for learners to grasp new ideas.
  3. Community Engagement: Viewers can interact through comments, fostering a supportive learning environment.

Maria’s channel is a great way to revolutionize your European Portuguese learning through YouTube.

With her engaging style and comprehensive lessons, you’ll find yourself making progress in no time!

23. Portuguese with Leo

If you want to immerse yourself in the Portuguese language, Portuguese with Leo is a fantastic choice. Hosted by Lisboeta Leonardo Coelho, this channel offers a variety of content that is both engaging and educational. Leo speaks clearly and at a comfortable pace, making it easier for learners to follow along.

What You Can Expect:

  • Cultural Insights: Videos about Portugal’s rich history and popular culture.
  • Grammar Lessons: Clear explanations of Portuguese grammar rules.
  • Idiomatic Expressions: Learn common phrases that native speakers use.

Why Choose This Channel?

  1. Clarity: Leo’s speaking style is easy to understand.
  2. Variety: Content ranges from history to everyday language use.
  3. Engagement: The videos are designed to keep you interested and motivated.

Learning a language is not just about vocabulary; it’s about understanding the culture behind it.

With Portuguese with Leo, you’ll not only learn the language but also gain insights into the Portuguese way of life. Whether you are a beginner or looking to improve your skills, this channel is a valuable resource for your language journey.

24. D4rkFrame

If you enjoy wild experiments and fun challenges, D4rkFrame is the YouTube channel for you! This channel is packed with all sorts of crazy stunts that are popular on YouTube, but definitely not suitable for kids.

The great part for learners is that the audio is in Portuguese, and you can also find English subtitles to help you understand better.

Why Watch D4rkFrame?

  • Unique Content: Experience a variety of unusual experiments.
  • Language Learning: Improve your Portuguese listening skills.
  • Subtitles Available: English subtitles make it easier to follow along.

D4rkFrame offers a fun way to learn Portuguese while enjoying entertaining content.

Summary Table

FeatureDetails
LanguagePortuguese
SubtitlesEnglish
Content TypeExperiments and Challenges

D4rkFrame is a fantastic choice for those looking to combine language learning with entertainment!

25. Virgínia Fonseca and more

Virgínia Fonseca is a well-known YouTuber who shares her daily life through engaging vlogs. Her content often includes beauty tips, lifestyle insights, and personal stories. This channel is perfect for those looking to improve their Portuguese while enjoying entertaining content.

Key Features of Virgínia’s Channel:

  • Vlogs: Get a glimpse into the life of a Portuguese social media influencer.
  • Beauty Tips: Learn about the latest trends and products.
  • Lifestyle Content: Explore various aspects of daily life in Brazil.

Virgínia’s videos are not just fun; they also provide a great way to practice listening skills in real-life situations.

Why Watch Virgínia Fonseca?

  1. Relatable Content: Her vlogs make you feel connected to her life.
  2. Language Practice: Improve your Portuguese with everyday conversations.
  3. Cultural Insights: Discover Brazilian culture through her eyes.

If you’re interested in famous Brazilian YouTubers, you can find out more about the greatest Brazilian YouTubers, including Jessey Stevens, Nicole Teixeira Corrales, Jacy July, and Thomas Oliveira.

Final Thoughts on Learning Portuguese Through YouTube

In conclusion, YouTube is a fantastic tool for anyone wanting to learn Portuguese. With so many channels available, you can find videos that fit your learning style and interests. Whether you prefer music, cooking, or language lessons, there’s something for everyone. These channels not only teach you the language but also give you a glimpse into the culture. So, dive in, explore these channels, and enjoy your journey to mastering Portuguese!

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the best YouTube channels to learn Portuguese?

Some of the top channels include Canal KondZilla, Whindersson Nunes, and Street Smart Brazil. These channels offer a mix of music, comedy, and language lessons.

Can I learn Portuguese for free on YouTube?

Yes! YouTube has many channels that provide free lessons and resources for learning Portuguese.

Is it better to learn Brazilian or European Portuguese?

It depends on your needs. Brazilian Portuguese is spoken by more people, but European Portuguese is also valuable, especially if you plan to visit Portugal.

How can YouTube help improve my Portuguese skills?

YouTube videos can enhance your listening, speaking, and even writing skills by exposing you to real conversations and cultural content.

Are there channels specifically for beginners?

Yes, channels like Hello Rusty and Professor Jason are great for beginners, offering simple lessons and clear explanations.

Can I find subtitles in English on these channels?

Many channels provide English subtitles, which can help you understand the content better while learning Portuguese.

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